93 pts out of 100 / 100,00% complete
Abortion and contraception allow women to express their freedom of reproduction by exercising their right of self-determination over their bodies.
Is abortion lawful to protect woman's life?
Yes
Is abortion lawful to protect woman's physical health?
Yes
Is abortion lawful to protect woman's mental health?
Yes
Is abortion lawful in the event the woman was raped?
Yes
Is abortion lawful in the event of fetal defects?
Yes
Does the law mandate that an abortion is performed at the mere request of a pregnant woman?
Yes
Is RU-486 (Mifepristone) approved or registered for use?
Yes and it is available with prescription
Are emergency contraception drugs lawfully available?
Yes, over the counter
Are family planning services provided through government-run programs and facilities?
Yes, indirectly
Is spousal notification/permission required?
No
82 pts out of 100 / 100,00% complete
Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are the methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means. Access to assisted reproduction concerns our ability to expand our right to health by offering us access to treatment to overcome infertility.
Is preimplantation genetic diagnosis permissible?
Not mentioned
Is oocyte cryopreservation permissible?
Not prohibited but used
Is embryo cryopreservation permissible for reproductive purposes?
Yes
Is sperm donation permissible?
Yes
Is oocyte donation permissible?
Yes
Are IVF surrogacy agreements enforceable?
Yes, commercial and not
Marital status requirements?
No
Do same-sex couples have access to ART?
Yes
Do single women have access to ART?
Yes
Are there any limits on the number of pre-embryos that can be transferred?
No
80 pts out of 100 / 100,00% complete
End of life decisions concern our ability to make choices concerning the end of our lives and take of the form of refusal of life sustaining treatment, being help in committing suicide, choosing euthanasia, and make choices that must be upheld even when the person becomes unconscious. As Young (2010) noted, "People have an interest in making important decisions about their lives in accordance with their own conception of how they want their lives to go."
Is passive euthanasia lawful?
Yes
Is active euthanasia lawful?
Yes
Is physician-assisted suicide lawful?
Legally prohibited
Are advance directives (AD) enforceable?
Yes
Is a physician required to respect a patient's refusal of life-sustaining treatment?
Yes
38 pts out of 100 / 100,00% complete
Research with embryos and pre-embryos as well as therapeutic cloning concerns scientists’ freedom to investigate human biology as well as patients’ freedom to access regenerative medicine treatments that may be developed as a result of research with human embryonic stem cells. Since the early 2000s, research with embryos has been at the center of an often-polarized debate about the nature and scope of scientific freedom.
Is basic research using germline modification in human embryos/gametes permitted?
Only permitted on supernumerary embryos
Is pre-clinical research using germline modification technologies in animals permitted?
Yes
Is clinical research using germline modification technologies in humans permitted?
No
Are clinical applications of research using germline modification technologies (i.e., to initiate a pregnancy with edited embryos or with edited gametes) permitted?
No
85 pts out of 100 / 100,00% complete
GM crops have contributed significantly to modern agriculture. Plant breeding using genetic modification techniques has led to improving crops in more targeted ways than classical breeding techniques. GM crops acquire desirable characteristics, including pest and herbicide resistance, enhanced robustness against diseases, drought or water tolerance, and healthier profiles that can enhance nutrition.
Is research on GMOs permitted in the laboratories?
Yes
Is notification to start research on GMOs in laboratories required?
No
Is research on GMOs frequent?
Yes
Are GM crop field trials (the limited release into the environment for research purposes) permitted?
Yes
Is authorization to start a GM crop field trial required?
Yes/prohibited
Are GM crop field trials frequent?
Yes
Is cultivation of GM crops (for commercial purposes) in open field permitted?
Yes
Is authorization to start open field cultivation of GM crops required?
Yes/prohibited
Is open field cultivation of GM crops frequent?
Yes
Can GM crop commodities harvested in other countries be imported?
Yes
Is authorization to import GM crop commodities required?
Yes/prohibited
Is the import of GM crop commoties frequent?
Yes
- Access to benefits
What is the total general government expenditure on education?
12.22
What is the expenditure on tertiary as % of government expenditure on education?
35.6
What is the the percentage of population ages 25 and over that attained or completed a doctoral degree or equivalent?
What is the percentage of population that uses the Internet?
89.84
What is the quality of math and science education on a scale from 1 to 7 being "excellent"?
5.3
To what extent is the Internet used in schools for learning purposes?
5.8
What is the scientific literacy of 15-year-old students as measured by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)(mean score)?
528
- Opportunities to participate
Does the law mandate nondiscrimination based on gender in hiring?
No
What is the percentage of females employed with advanced degrees out of total employed?
50.2
- Enabling environment
How many scientific and technical journal articles are published each year in physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences?
57355.8
What is the percentage of GDP allocated to Research and Development?
1.62
How may published articles have received at least H citations in the period 1996–2014?
77.8
What is the quality of scientific research institutions?
5.7
To what extent do business and universities collaborate on research and development (R&D)?
4.6
What is the average university ranking score of countries based on their top 3 universities?
82
To what extent are scientists and engineers available?
5.4
How many professionals are employed as researchers?
9
How many professionals are employed by government as researchers?
5.7
- International cooperation
To what extent are talented people attracted from abroad?
5.2
Taking advantage of the country’s new law, Canadian transplant surgeons have harvested organs from dozens of euthanasia patients. According to the National Post, 26 people in Ontario who died by lethal injection have donated tissue or organs. This involved mostly corneas, skin, heart valves, bones and tendons. The National Post’s report only covered Ontario. Bioethicists,
Some Canadian doctors who agreed to carry out euthanasia have withdrawn their names only months after legalisation, according to the National Post. “I can’t tell you how many, but I can tell you that it’s enough that it’s been noted at a systemic level,” says Dr Jeff Blackmer, of the Canadian Medical Association. The figures
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada apologized repeatedly to the House of Commons after some jostling on its floor, in which he was accused of manhandling a Conservative member of Parliament and elbowing a female legislator. Mr. Trudeau had grown visibly irritated as the opposition Conservative and New Democratic parties tried to stall a vote
The Canadian Press Quebec is slowly but surely moving toward officially recognizing contracts drawn up between surrogate mothers and couples looking to conceive. If it happens, it could mean the dawning of a small revolution in family law in the province. Born to surrogate, child has no legal mother, Quebec judge rules Quebec to
McCarthy Tétrault LLP Byron Shaw Physician-assisted death is permissible in Canada, for competent adults who: (1) clearly consent to the termination of life; and (2) have a grievous and irremediable medical condition that causes enduring suffering that is intolerable to the individual in the circumstances of their condition. In Carter v. Canada (Attorney General), a unanimous
